CMMI 的学习 - CoolCC.top

CMMI 是什么？

Capability Maturity Model Integration 能力成熟度模型综合

是一种过程改进方法，可以用来评价一个组织的衡量软件能力成熟度

这里的学习针对 V1.3，2020开始使用 V2.0

等级简述

CMMI 分五级，等级越高越好，绝大部分申请的组织是做到 CMMI3

5 个成熟度等级分别为：

初始级
受管理级
已定义级
定量管理级
持续优化级

每个等级包含几个到几十个 PA（过程域 Process Area），该级别的全部 PA 达到要求即达到该级别

PA 达到要求即该PA包含的几个 Goal（目标）都达到要求了

Goal 达到要求即该Goal包含的几个 Practice（实践）都达到要求了

初始级（Initial）

环境不稳定，成功依赖个人能力

能成功，但是项目经常超成本和进度

过度承诺，危机时放弃过程，不能重复成功

受管理级（Managed）

即使在时间压力下，依然能够保留现有的实践

包含的 PA

需求管理 REQM
项目计划 PP
项目跟踪与控制 PMC
供应商合同管理 SAM
度量分析 MA
产品与过程质量保证 PPQA
配置管理 CM

已定义级（Defined）

建立标准的，且不断得到改进的工作方式

2 级和 3 级的关键区别在于

标准，过程和规程的使用范围
3 级的过程比 2 级的描述更具体和严格

包含的 PA

需求开发 RD
技术解决方案 TS
产品集成 PI
验证 VER
确认 VAL
组织过程焦点 OPF
组织过程定义 OPD
组织培训 OT
集成项目管理 IPM
风险管理 RSKM
决策分析与解决方案 DAR

定量管理级（Quantitatively Managed）

不仅有标准的工作方式，还有量化的工作标准

与 3 级的最大区别是，4 级可以对过程性能进行预测

包含的 PA

组织过程性能 OPP
量化项目管理 QPM

持续优化级（Optimizing）

以量化为手段，以解决本质问题为核心的持续改进

与 4 级本质区别，5 级解决根本问题，4 级解决特殊问题

包含的 PA

组织创新与部署 OID
原因分析与解决方案 CAR

过程域评估

SCAMPI method for performing Class A appraisals

因为是 A 级评估，所以需要 SCAMPI 方法来评估

每一个 PA 都包括

Purpose Statement
Introductory Notes
Related Process Areas
Specific Goal and Practice Summary
Specific Goals and Specific Practices
Generic Goals and Generic Practices //通用目标和通用实践会出现在多个 pa 中

PA 以下有 Three Categories，划分为

Required //包含 Specific Goals 和 Generic Goals
Expected //包含 Specific Practices 和 Generic Practices
Informative //包含 Example Work Products，两种实践的子实践 Subpractices, Generic Practice Elaborations， Purpose Statement，Introductory Notes，Related Process Areas

下面罗列 GP 和各个 PA 的 SG

Generic Goals

GG1 Achieve Specific Goals

GP1.1 Perform Specific Practices

GG2 Institutionalize a Managed Process 管理的过程制度化

GP2.1 Establish an Organizational Policy
GP2.2 Plan the Process
GP2.3 Provide Resources
GP2.4 Assign Responsibility
GP2.5 Train People
GP2.6 Control Work Products
GP2.7 Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
GP2.8 Monitor and Contril the Process
GP2.9 Objectively Evaluate Adherence 客观评估实际工作率
GP2.10 Review Status with Higher Lever Management

GG3 Institutionalize a Defined Process 确定的过程制度化

GP3.1 Establish a Defined Process
GP3.2 Collect Process Related Experiences

Requirements Development Goals

SG1 Develop Customer Requirements

SP1.1 Elicit Needs 获取需要
SP1.2 Transform Stakeholder Needs into Customer Requirements 利益相关者需求转换为客户需求

SG2 Develop Product Requirements

SP 2.1 Establish Product and Product Component Requirements 组件
SP 2.2 Allocate Product Component Requirements
SP 2.3 Identify Interface Requirements

SG3 Analyze and Validate Requirements

SP 3.1 Establish Operational Concepts and Scenarios 建立操作概念和场景
SP 3.2 Establish a Definition of Required Functionality and Quality Attributes 建立所需功能和质量属性的定义
SP 3.3 Analyze Requirements
SP 3.4 Analyze Requirements to Achieve Balance
SP 3.5 Validate Requirements 验证需求

Requirements Management Goals

SG1 Manage Requirements

SP 1.1 Understand Requirements
SP 1.2 Obtain Commitment to Requirements 获得对需求的承诺
SP 1.3 Manage Requirements Changes
SP 1.4 Maintain Bidirectional Traceability of Requirements 维护双向追踪性
SP 1.5 Ensure Alignment Between Project Work and Requirements 确保工作和需求的一致性

Project Planning Goals

SG1 Establish Estimates

SP 1.1 Estimate the Scope of the Project 作用域
SP 1.2 Establish Estimates of Work Product and Task Attributes
SP 1.3 Define Project Lifecycle Phases
SP 1.4 Estimate Effort and Cost

SG2 Develop a Project Plan

SP 2.1 Establish the Budget and Schedule
SP 2.2 Identify Project Risks
SP 2.3 Plan Data Management
SP 2.4 Plan the Project’s Resources
SP 2.5 Plan Needed Knowledge and Skills
SP 2.6 Plan Stakeholder Involvement 计划利益相关者的参与
SP 2.7 Establish the Project Plan

SG3 Obtain Commitment to the Plan

SP 3.1 Review Plans That Affect the Project 审查影响到项目的计划
SP 3.2 Reconcile Work and Resource Levels 协调工作和资源级别
SP 3.3 Obtain Plan Commitment 获得计划承诺

Project Monitoring and Control Goals

SG1 Monitor the Project Against Plan

SP 1.1 Monitor Project Planning Parameters
SP 1.2 Monitor Commitments
SP 1.3 Monitor Project Risks
SP 1.4 Monitor Data Management
SP 1.5 Monitor Stakeholder Involvement
SP 1.6 Conduct Progress Reviews
SP 1.7 Conduct Milestone Reviews

SG2 Manage Corrective Action to Closure

SP 2.1 Analyze Issues
SP 2.2 Take Corrective Action 采取校正行动
SP 2.3 Manage Corrective Actions

Risk Management Goals

SG1 Prepare for Risk Management

SP 1.1 Determine Risk Sources and Categories
SP 1.2 Define Risk Parameters
SP 1.3 Establish a Risk Management Strategy

SG2 Identify and Analyze Risks

SP 2.1 Identify Risks
SP 2.2 Evaluate, Categorize, and Prioritize Risks 评估，分类，安排风险的优先顺序

SG3 Mitigate Risks

SP 3.1 Develop Risk Mitigation Plans 开发风险缓解计划
SP 3.2 Implement Risk Mitigation Plans 实现风险缓解计划

Supplier Agreement Management Goals

SG1 Establish Supplier Agreements

SP 1.1 Determine Acquisition Type 决定购置类型
SP 1.2 Select Suppliers
SP 1.3 Establish Supplier Agreements

SG2 Satisfy Supplier Agreements

SP 2.1 Execute the Supplier Agreement
SP 2.2 Accept the Acquired Product
SP 2.3 Ensure Transition of Products 确保产品转换

Configuration Management Goals

SG1 Establish Baselines

SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items
SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management System
SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines

SG2 Track and Contril Changes

SP 2.1 Track Change Requests
SP 2.2 Control Configuration Items

SG3 Establish Integrity

SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records 建立配置管理记录
SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits 执行配置审核

Process and Product Quality Assurance Goals

SG1 Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products 客观

SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes
SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products

SG2 Provide Objective Insight

SP 2.1 Communicate and Resolve Noncompliance Issues 沟通和解决违约行为事件
SP 2.2 Establish Records

Measurement and Analysis Goals

SG1 Align Measurement and Analysis Activities 调整测量和分析活动

SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives
SP 1.2 Specify Measures
SP 1.3 Specify Data Collection and Storage Procedures 指定数据收集和存储过程
SP 1.4 Specify Analysis Procedures

SG2 Provide Measurement Results

SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data
SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data
SP 2.3 Store Data and Results
SP 2.4 Communicate Results

Decision Analysis and Resolution Goals

SG1 Evaluate Alternatives 评估选择

SP 1.1 Establish Guidelines for Decision Analysis
SP 1.2 Establish Evaluation Criteria 建立评价标准
SP 1.3 Identify Alternative Solutions
SP 1.4 Select Evaluation Methods
SP 1.5 Evaluate Alternative Solutions
SP 1.6 Select Solutions

Technical Solution Goals

SG1 Select Product Component Solutions

SP 1.1 Develop Alternative Solutions and Selection Criteria
SP 1.2 Select Product Component Solutions

SG2 Develop the Design

SP 2.1 Design the Product or Product Component
SP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data Package
SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using Criteria
SP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse Analyses 执行制造、购买或重用分析

SG3 Implement the Product Design

SP 3.1 Implement the Design
SP 3.2 Develop Product Support Documentation 开发产品技术支持文档

Product Integration Goals

SG1 Prepare for Product Integration

SP 1.1 Establish an Integration Strategy 集成策略
SP 1.2 Establish the Product Integration Environment 产品集成环境
SP 1.3 Establish Product Integration Procedures and Criteria 集成过程和适用范围

SG2 Ensure Interface Compatibility

SP 2.1 Review Interface Descriptions for Completeness 审核接口描述完整性
SP 2.2 Manage Interfaces

SG3 Assemble Product Components and Deliver the Product

SP 3.1 Confirm Readiness of Product Components for Integration 确认产品组件已准备好进行集成
SP 3.2 Assemble Product Components 组装产品组件
SP 3.3 Evaluate Assembled Product Components 评估
SP 3.4 Package and Deliver the Product or Product Component 打包和传交付

Verification Goals

SG1 Prepare for Verification

SP 1.1 Select Work Products for Verification
SP 1.2 Establish the Verification Environment
SP 1.3 Establish Verification Procedures and Criteria

SG2 Perform Peer Reviews

SP 2.1 Prepare for Peer Reviews
SP 2.2 Conduct Peer Reviews 开展同行评审
SP 2.3 Analyze Peer Review Data

SG3 Verify Selected Eork Products

SP 3.1 Perform Verification
SP 3.2 Analyze Verification Results

Validation Goals

SG1 Prepare for Validation

SP 1.1 Select Products for Validation
SP 1.2 Establish the Validation Environment
SP 1.3 Establish Validation Procedures and Criteria

SG2 Validate Product or Product Components

SP 2.1 Perform Validation
SP 2.2 Analyze Validation Results

Organizational Process Focus Goals

SG1 Determine Process Improvement Opportunities

SP 1.1 Establish Organizational Process Needs
SP 1.2 Appraise the Organization‟s Processes 评估组织过程
SP 1.3 Identify the Organization’s Process Improvements

SG2 Plan and Implement Process Actions

SP 2.1 Establish Process Action Plans
SP 2.2 Implement Process Action Plans

SG3 Deploy Organizayional Process Assets and Incorporate Experiences 部署组织流程资产并整合经验

SP 3.1 Deploy Organizational Process Assets
SP 3.2 Deploy Standard Processes
SP 3.3 Monitor the Implementation
SP 3.4 Incorporate Experiences into Organizational Process Assets 整合经验成为组织过程资产

Organizational Process Definition Goals

SG1 Establish Organizational Process Assets

SP 1.1 Establish Standard Processes
SP 1.2 Establish Lifecycle Model Descriptions
SP 1.3 Establish Tailoring Criteria and Guidelines 制定裁剪标准和指南
SP 1.4 Establish the Organization‟s Measurement Repository
SP 1.5 Establish the Organization‟s Process Asset Library
SP 1.6 Establish Work Environment Standards
SP 1.7 Establish Rules and Guidelines for Teams

Integrated Project Management Goals

SG1 Use the Project’s Defined Process

SP 1.1 Establish the Project‟s Defined Process
SP 1.2 Use Organizational Process Assets for Planning Project Activities
SP 1.3 Establish the Project’s Work Environment
SP 1.4 Integrate Plans
SP 1.5 Manage the Project Using Integrated Plans
SP 1.6 Establish Teams
SP 1.7 Contribute to Organizational Process Assets

SG2 Coordinate and Collaborte with Relevant Stakeholders 与相关利益相关者协调和合作

SP 2.1 Manage Stakeholder Involvement
SP 2.2 Manage Dependencies
SP 2.3 Resolve Coordination Issues

Organizational Training Goals

SG1 Establish an Organizational Training Capablity

SP 1.1 Establish Strategic Training Needs
SP 1.2 Determine Which Training Needs Are the Responsibility of the Organization
SP 1.3 Establish an Organizational Training Tactical Plan 组织培训战术性计划
SP 1.4 Establish a Training Capability

SG2 Provide Training